Ranking Methodology

Alison Plaut
By
Updated on May 23, 2025
Edited by
    Our school rankings use a proprietary methodology that considers factors like academic quality, program offerings, and, of course, affordability.
    Are you ready to discover your college program?

    Our rankings are independent, using public data sources and a systematic methodology to fulfill AffordableCollegesOnline.org’s mission to help students find cost-effective, accessible education paths through transparency and data-driven rankings.

    As part of our commitment to independent, high-quality rankings, ACO doesn’t consider advertisers. Instead, as part of our commitment to quality assurance, our team of editors, writers, and Integrity Network reviewers vet the best programs available.

    How We Rank Schools


    1. Data Collection

    We gather publicly available data from the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) and the U.S. Department of Education’s College Scorecard to ensure accurate and up-to-date information and update all pages with each new data release.

    2. Eligibility Filtering

    We screen schools to ensure they meet inclusion criteria and remove those that do not. We also filter schools with fewer than 10 online bachelor’s or master’s degree programs to provide solid, equitable options.

    3. Ranking Score Calculation

    We evaluate colleges using the ranking model, objectively weighing key factors to get a final score. ACO uses different methodologies and percentages depending on the list type to give you the most accurate information for your search. For example, a “most affordable” page will weigh affordability more than a general “best” list, although all of ACO’s lists factor in affordability.

    4. Quality Assurance and Review

    Our experienced team carefully vets each program for quality, accuracy, and accreditation. ACO’s independent Integrity Network reviews each ranking for accuracy and fairness.

    5. Final Adjustments and Publication

    Finally, we refine our lists based on student-focused ranking criteria before publishing, emphasizing scholarships, financial aid, student support, graduation rates, free technology, tutoring, and other benefits that can help you earn an affordable degree.

    Data Sources and Quality Assurance


    Trusted Data Sources

    IPEDS: IPEDS provides publicly available information based on federal aid surveys from colleges released by the U.S. Department of Education (ED). To locate the best schools across metrics, ACO leverages IPEDS data from two academic years prior, including information on degrees, student success, financial aid, admissions, enrollment, and other institutional characteristics.

    College Scorecard: College Scorecard is an ED resource that uses IPEDS surveys, federal financial aid data, and individual tax records to provide helpful college comparison information. College Scorecard populates cost and student outcomes ranking information.

    Peterson’s Data: Peterson’s performs objective annual, voluntary surveys and releases datasets on undergraduate and graduate programs and financial aid. ACO uses Peterson’s research, updated quarterly, to verify full-time retention rates, graduation rates, the percentage of graduates who secure a job within six months, and other relevant data to recommend the schools with the greatest value.

    How We Ensure Accuracy and Integrity

    QA Process: ACO’s intensive internal QA process ensures that the rankings you see are credible and fair.

    The datasets create objective, relevant, and actionable college rankings. Only the best affordable online colleges earn a spot in the rankings; schools cannot buy a better ranking or pay for a place on the list.

    Integrity Network Review: Our Integrity Network, composed of higher education professionals, provides an independent review to confirm that rankings are accurate, unbiased, and student-focused.

    Key Factors in Our Ranking Process

    AffordableCollegesOnline.org considers many factors when assessing online schools and programs. Our ranking factors include:

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      Academic Quality

      Our rankings consider academic quality criteria such as student retention rates, graduation rates, and the number of full-time faculty. Low student-to-faculty ratios correlate with high academic quality, so ACO considers this data when ranking schools.

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      School Affordability

      Since our site serves users seeking affordable higher education options, school affordability is weighted at 60% in our ranking system. We assess affordability based on many factors, including the number of financial aid recipients, the average amount of financial aid received per student, and the median student debt.

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      School Reputation

      Since school reputation often correlates with student success, we incorporate reputation into our rankings decisions. Graduates of reputable schools and programs often earn high salaries, so we consider graduate earnings when ranking a school’s reputation. Prestigious schools also typically admit only their top applicants, so we consider admission and enrollment rates as well.

      We aim to align our college rankings with our commitment to supporting diversity, equity, inclusion, and access in higher education — and our belief that people of all identities and backgrounds deserve to learn in a safe environment.

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      Program Offerings

      AffordableCollegesOnline.org only ranks schools that offer at least 10 online bachelor’s or master’s programs. High numbers of online programs tend to indicate established, successful online education systems with better resources for online students.

    A School May Be Excluded If It …

    • Has a graduation rate of <10%
    • Has a retention rate of <10%
    • Has a four-year completion rate for low-income students of <10%
    • Doesn’t provide any of the above data to our trusted sources

    Ranking Formulas

    Ranking Metrics Explained


    Affordability Metrics


    Academic Quality Metrics


    Reputation Indicators


    Program Offerings and Online Access


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